Examora | MCQ & Notes
Back to Home

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 9 Biomolecules

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 9 Biomolecules covers the chemical composition of living tissues, structure and classification of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and the concept of enzymes.

Overview of Topics & Subtopics (Click to Jump)

1. Biomacromolecules

Short Note:

• Carbohydrates: classified as monosaccharides (e.g., glucose), oligosaccharides (e.g., sucrose), and polysaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose, glycogen) — primarily provide energy and structural support.

• Proteins: polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; perform structural, enzymatic, transport, hormonal, and defence functions.

• Lipids: fats, oils, and phospholipids; primarily used for energy storage and forming cell membranes.

• Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA, polymers of nucleotides, carry and express genetic information.

2. Structure of Proteins

Short Note:

• Protein structure is described at four levels: primary (linear sequence of amino acids), secondary (alpha helix or beta pleated sheet), tertiary (3D folding), and quaternary (arrangement of multiple polypeptide subunits).

3. Enzymes

Short Note:

• Enzymes are biological catalysts, mostly proteins, that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed, by lowering the activation energy required.

• Enzyme activity is affected by factors such as temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and the presence of inhibitors or cofactors.

NCERT Textbook Exercise Questions

What are macromolecules? Give examples.
Answer: Macromolecules are large, complex organic molecules formed by the polymerisation of smaller repeating units (monomers), typically having a high molecular weight. Examples include polysaccharides (like starch and cellulose), proteins, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
Explain the composition of a triglyceride (fat molecule).
Answer: A triglyceride (fat) consists of one molecule of glycerol esterified with three molecules of fatty acids, linked via ester bonds; the fatty acids may be saturated (no double bonds) or unsaturated (with one or more double bonds).
Describe the important properties of enzymes.
Answer: Enzymes are highly specific to their substrates, act as catalysts (increase reaction rate without being consumed), function optimally at a particular temperature and pH, can be regulated by activators/inhibitors, and many require non-protein components called cofactors (coenzymes or metal ions) for activity.
Explain the four levels of the organisation of proteins.
Answer: Primary structure: the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Secondary structure: the local folding pattern, such as an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet, stabilised by hydrogen bonds. Tertiary structure: the overall three-dimensional folding of the polypeptide chain, giving the protein its functional shape. Quaternary structure: the arrangement of two or more polypeptide subunits into a single functional protein complex (e.g., haemoglobin).
Continue learning with this chapter:
Practice MCQs
Notes, MCQs and test for the same chapter
Practice MCQs

How to use these notes

These notes are designed for quick revision and should be used alongside the textbook. Read the chapter once for full understanding, then return here to recall definitions, formulas, key ideas and important examples.

Topics covered on this page

Quick revision tip

Finish one small section, close the page for a moment, and try to recall the main points in your own words. Then check the page again. This simple recall step can make revision more active.

More for this chapter

Class 11 › Biology › Biomolecules
Chapter notesRead the chapterPractice MCQsCheck what you rememberChapter test10 questions on one pageOnline testTest 1, 2 and 3, one question at a timePYQPrevious year questionsStudy materialPDF notes
Topics in this chapter: How to Analyse Chemical Composition & MetabolitesBiomacromolecules & ProteinsPolysaccharides, Nucleic Acids & Protein StructureEnzymes & Nature of Enzyme Action